This seems to have been a known problem — you've probably bought one of the affected units. Some were replaced by VW, but perhaps not all.
Try this first:
press the < > and * (star) buttons at the top of the 510 system to do a hard reboot.
If no result, here's a post that might help from some-one who apparently fixed it:
"Well I bit the bullet last night and managed to fix it myself. The steps I followed were:
1. I removed the unit from the dashboard to get the exact model number and hardware version (in my case 1T0 035 680 B and hardware version 11)
2. Went to this forum: Firmware updates for European RNS510 units and found links to the appropriate firmware for my version (402X)
3. Downloaded and burned the ISO using ImgBurn to a blank DVD-R
4. Followed the firmware update instructions (simply open car, do not put keys in ignition, turn on head unit, hold 'eject', 'i' and 'setup' buttons until system reboots into 'Load SWL disc' mode and insert the DVD and say okay when asked if you want to install the later firmware)
5. Let the install run, which in my case was almost an hour and eject the disk to restart the unit
All I have left to do is insert the maps DVD which should re-populate the sat nav and I'm away again! The radio etc all works fine for now anyway so I'm happy.
Things to note:
1. I'm pretty sure I was on stock firmware (v1xxx).
2. My symptom was specifically that the unit was rebooting after the splash screen. From my research, there are other similar symptoms that could require a power supply or main board swap. From what I've read, this is normally when the unit doesn't start after the splash screen but stays black. I was quoted £265 from a car audio repair guy to change both as that was his recommendation. Glad I didn't need that!!!"
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