VW incorrect CO2 emissions

[bluey]

This one is a bit weirder. CO2 emissions goes to fuel consumption. Everybody knows the quoted fuel consumption figures are not real world figures. So the quoted figures are based on a test cycle.

ICCT on real world vs lab fuel consumption From laboratory to road: A 2015 update | International Council on Clean Transportation

So basically, the regulators had added financial tax incentives for manufacturers to lower CO2 emissions, and the manufacturturers have all done their best!

ICCT: As our series From Laboratory to Road has made clear over the past three years, in reality, co2 emissions from passenger cars in everyday operation have not declined as much as these official statistics would seem to indicate, which has become a subject of rising concern.

Do some cars have another engine map for producing lower CO2 emissions by reducing fuel consumption different from the emissions map that presumably runs more EGR for lower NOx?

Or would they get away with one map that uses more boost and high EGR in "limp home mode" that can achieve both better economy (lower CO2) and lower NOx at the expense of high end power????

The data in the ICCT paper from spritmonitor.de (page9) shows BMW,Daimler,Toyota and Audi producing better CO2 that average and VW doing worse than average. The average divergence of real world CO2 from "type approval"is about 35%. So the focus on CO2 might be a bit of strategic mud slinging in progress???