A constantly on exhaust light points to DPF issues (which may actually be a faulty sensor, VW exhaust sensors have a well-deserved reputation for being unreliable). VW DPFs don't seem to cope with being driven in heavy traffic much of the time. Does that apply to your car ?
parso_rex's suggestion of a scan for faults will help narrow down the likely source/s of the problem.
Is it going into "limp-home" mode ? Symptoms are drastically reduced power, but resets itself when the engine is switched off and then restarted.
If so one cause could be sticky vanes on the turbo causing an overboost, the ECU recognises this and protects the engine by going into limp-home mode. Typically this happens with TDIs that are normally driven quite consrvatively with the revs usually below 2,000rpm. If the engine is given a lot of accelerator pedal (eg changing down a gear to overtake or rip up a hill) then the vanes are supposed to change angle at about 1,800 to 2,00rpm to keep the boost at the proper amount. If the vanes are stuck in the "low-rev/max boost" position they can't move to adjust the boost and then the ECU intervenes as described above.
Fuel problems are another possible cause, these can be caused by partially blocked filters, problems with fuel pumps/lines, PD units and injectors. I have even read of severely worn PD cams causing trouble (but this is pretty rare).
Like the others, I am a bit skeptical of a clutch/flywheel being a cause of the symptoms you described.
2017 MY18 Golf R 7.5 Wolfsburg wagon (boring white) delivered 21 Sep 2017, 2008 Octavia vRS wagon 2.0 TFSI 6M (bright yellow), 2006 T5 Transporter van 2.5 TDI 6M (gone but not forgotten).
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