The DPF filter is in the exhaust.
In reality, you have two problems; the first being the internal damage to the engine, and the second being the blocked DPF. The blocked DPF could be caused by incorrect oil (and overfilling), but the jammed lifter is a whole other story. I highly doubt incorrect oil would cause this in this case. I've seen these engines go for 60,000klms without servicing, and not have any problems.
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