European cars use quite an aggressive brake pad which gives good pedal feel and impressive braking performance, at the expense of lots of brake dust (as im sure you have noticed on your wheels compared to your Camry) and a relatively short service life - especially so in a city environment where you are constantly using the brakes.
If you replace the brakes with genuine and keep driving the same way in the same environment then you can only assume you will be changing them again at around 45,000km.
As for why your rear pads are more worn that the fronts, this is because VW increase the rear brake bias in certain braking situations to avoid the car pitching forward - so the rear brakes are used far more often than they would have been in your Camry.
There are plenty of very good quality aftermarket options, in particular ATE Ceramic and Akebono Euro Ceramic which (as the name suggests) use ceramic in their makeup, offering much longer service life & greatly reduced brake dust - with the only downside that I have noticed is a slightly less aggressive brake pedal feel which I actually prefer as I found the original pads too aggressive and would regularly find myself not being able to brake smoothly. These pads cost more initially, but last 2-3 times longer so end up cheaper in the long run. They are also more gentle on the brake disks so they will last much longer too.
Also its important to remember that consumables such as tyres and brake pads can last one person 20,000km and another person with the same car 80,000km because it varies largely not only based on the type of driving they do (eg city driving with lots of turning/roundabouts etc and someone who does lots of highway driving) but how smoothly or aggressively they drive.
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