I had a similar issue with a few different electronic systems (notably the ESC), and like you once I drove a few hundred metres or so the errors disappeared. Although this was on a MK6 Golf these issues and circumstances sound similar.
In the end after being error free for 2 weeks after the first symptoms occurred, I had the car parked outside on a very cold 5°C night (cold weather discharges your battery faster) and when I went to start the car the battery was dead/couldn't muster enough energy to turn the starter motor, although I never had a battery warning issue and the other electronics like headlights (bi-xenons) and media unit worked perfectly fine. The car was almost exactly 3 years old (which is a typical battery lifecycle).
So in summary, I have a feeling your battery is struggling/dying. The voltage probably dropped below a threshold for those functions to run (hence the errors). The errors would then disappear because the alternator would be feeding a healthy voltage back into the battery which might perk it up temporarily. I would recommend asking for a battery replacement, and then a check to see if you have any electronics leaking energy (which could could prematurely deteriorate your battery or leave it in bad health).
On a sidenote, if people want signs to look out for a dying battery look for:
1. Engine taking longer to start up.
2. Slowing electric windows (Particularly noticeable when engine is not running, that being said they will always be slower when engine is not running, but they will be really slow if the battery is dying).
3. Vehicle electronics errors which disappear when on the move.
I could be wrong, but make sure you keep us updated!
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