Josh.. I reckon the "air pump" being referred to is the emission control device. In '77 new regulations forced VW to install these (useless) contraptions to try and burn any NOX left after combustion. Most people just ditched them.
My advice would be to just relpace the alternator with a good 2nd hand one (guys..somebody must have one

) The diodes are probably done or the regulator isn't regulating. Bosch alternators have a regulator integrated with the brush block so it may be worth putting in one of those as a possible cheap and easy fix.
Ontary's advice about checking out everthing in case overcharging has happened is good advice.
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